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PARTS OF SPEECH
Instructional Materials

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NOUN~ This part of speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places, ideas or events. Noun is the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is why they are the first ones taught to students in primary school.

Sample sentences:
*Paul is very versatile.
The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.

*Dogs can be extremely cute.
In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.

*It is my birthday.
The word "birthday" is a noun which refers to an event.

Types of nouns

PROPER NOUN - always start with  a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons, places or things.
Examples: John, Korea, Pepsi

COMMON NOUN - are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons, things, animals or places.
Examples: car, park, pen

CONCRETE NOUN - this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five senses.
Examples: table, folder, board

ABSTRACT NOUN - unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you can't perceive through your five senses.
Examples: happiness, grudge, bravery

COUNT NOUN - it refers to anything that is countable and has a singular and plural form.
Examples: ball, apple, pen

MASS NOUN - this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-countable nouns, and they need to have counters to quantify them.
Examples: snow, water, salt

COLLECTIVE NOUN - refers to a group of persons, animals or thing.
Examples: class, faculty, cluster

PRONOUN - is a part of speech which functions as a replacement for a noun.

Sample sentences:
*He is my friend.
*She went to the market yesterday morning.
*We are going to the beach tomorrow morning.

The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.

ADJECTIVE - this part of speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify and qualify the size and the number of nouns or pronouns.

Sample sentences:
*She is pretty.
The italicized word describes the appearance of the pronoun "She".

*I have two apples.
The italicized word "two" is an adjective which describes the number of the noun "apples"

*The pencil is long.
The italicized word is an adjective describes the size of the noun "pencil".

VERB - this is the most important part of speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not exist. This is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a sentence.

Sample sentences:
*As usual, the stormtroopers missed their shot.
The italicized word expresses the action of the subject "stormtroopers"

*They are always prepared in emergencies.
The verb "are" is refers to the stare of being of the pronoun "they" which is the subject in the sentence.

ADVERB - just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs or another adverb.

Types of adverb

ADVERB OF MANNER - this refers to how something happens or how an action is done.
Sample sentence:
*Liza danced gracefully.
The word "gracefully" tells how Liza danced.

ADVERB OF TIME - this states "when" something happens or "when" it is done.
Sample sentence:
*She came yesterday.
The italicized word tell when she "came".

ADVERB OF PLACE - this tells something about "where" something happens or "where" it is done.
Sample sentence:
*Of course! I looked everywhere.
The adverb "everywhere" tell where "I looked".

ADVERB OF DEGREE - this states the intensity or the degree to which a specific thing happens or is done.
Sample sentence:
*The child is very talented.
The italicized adverb answers the question, " to what degree is the child talented?".

PREPOSITION - this part of speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.
Sample sentences:
*Ana is hiding under the bed.
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase " under the bed" , and tells where Ana hiding.

*During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase "during the game", and tells when the audience cheered.

CONJUNCTION - is a part of speech which joins words, phrases or clauses together.

Sample sentences:
*This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
*She was late because the bus arrived late.

The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunction.

INTERJECTION - this part of speech refers to words that express emotions. Since interjections are commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation point.

Sample sentences:
*Ouch! that must have hurt.
*Hooray! We won.
*Hey! I said enough.
The italicized words attached to the main sentences above are some examples of interjections.

Source: http://partofspeech.org/