MATTER
State of Matter
Instructional Materials
Everything around you is matter. You breathe it. You drink it. You touch it. Matter has three states. It can be a gas, a liquid or a solid. Let's find out more about matter.
Gases are everywhere. They have no shape or size. They can spread freely. You can see some gases such as smoke. But you usually cannot see or smell other gases. Air is a gas. You breathe it all the time. Take a deep breathe. Now your lungs are full of gas!
Milk is a liquid. A liquid has a shape and a size. But its shape changes easily. It takes the shape of its container. Pour water into a glass. It takes on the shape if the glass.
Solids are things you can touch or hold. They have their own shapes and sizes. An apple is a solid. A solid can change its shape and size. But it needs force. If you bite an apple, it changes its shape and size. Your teeth are a force on the apple.
NOTE: Water can be in all the stages of matter. Water is a liquid. Freeze it. kIt is ice. That is a solid. Heat it. It is steam. That is a gas.
Source: Reading trophy
We are solids!
We have shape and a size.
We can change shapes through force.
We can be touched or felt.
We are liquids!
We have shape and a size.
We can change our shape easily.
We take on the shape of our containers.
We are gases!
We have no shape or size.
We can spread freely.
NOTE: Semi-solids are solids but not fully solids. They are solids in some parts and liquids in other parts. Ice cream, toothpaste, and jelly are good examples. But why do we call them semi-solid instead of semi liquids? It is because they do not flow like liquids. Bite some jelly. That will change its shape and size. It will not spill like water.
Quiz samples
A. Circle the words that match their definitions.
1. force/breathe : to move air in and out of one's lungs.
2. state/stage : the physical form of liquid, solid or gas.
3. spread/contain : to place or move over a large area.
4. long/lung : an organ used to breathe.
5. container / physical : an object that can hold something inside
6. form / force : physical power or strength.
B. Unscramble the words to complete the sentences.
1. Steam is matter in its gas ttase __________.
2. I ran so far that my slnug ____________.
3. He prdsea ___________ the blanket over the bed.
4. The thick smoke made it hard to bthreea _____________.
5. The cerfo ___________ of gravity makes things fall down.
6. Is the ercotnnai _____________ big enough?
Examples of gas
Elemental gases - these are the elements that exists as gasses at standard temperature. When the pressure is changed and is higher or lower, or when the temperature is changed and is higher or lower, then the element may exist in a different form such as in liquid form or solid form.
Examples of elemental gases are Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon.
Pure and mixed gases
Pure gases can take several different forms. They might be made of individual atoms, such as Neon, atomic gases or noble gases. Oxygen is also a pure gas because it is made of one type of item; however, it is an elemental molecule. Pure gases may also be compound molecules which are comprised of a bunch of different atoms. For example, carbon dioxide would be considered a pure gas but it is also a compound molecule.
Mixed gases consists of more than one kind of pure gas. In the Earth's atmosphere, for example there are a wide mix of different gases including oxygen and other atoms that are released.
Examples of pure and mixed gases are air, ammonia, Butane, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Ethane, Germane, Hexane, Methane, Methanol and Acetylene.
Toxic gases
Toxic gases are those that can cause harm when they are breathed in or when people are exposed to them. In some cases, breathing in a toxic gas, even for a few seconds, can result in death. In other instances, breathing in a toxic gas just might make you feel sick or light headed, or breathing in the toxic gas might not have an effect until you've breathed in a sufficient amount that it builds up in your blood.
Examples of toxic gasses are Arsenic, Chlorine, Carbon Monoxide, Germane, Hydrogen cyanide, Nitrogen dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide.
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