Monday, October 8, 2018

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HEROES

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DR. JOSE P. RIZAL (18614-1896
The Philippines' national hero. Born in Calamba Laguna on June 19, 1861.Published his masterpiece Noli Me Tangere in Berlyn(Germany) in 1887 and his second novel El Filibusterismo in Ghent (Belgium) in 1891. His two novels stirred the conscience of his people. He contributed various literary works to La Solidaridad. For his leadership in the reform movement and for his incendiary novels. Rizal was arrested and later killed by musketry in Bagumbayan, Manila on December 30, 1896. His execution was the last straw for other Filipinos who called for a bloody revolution against spain.
ANDRES BONIFACIO (1863-1897)
He founded the secret society, Katipunan on July 7, 1892 to fight Spain. He was also president of the Tagalog republic from August 24, 1896 to May 10, 1897. Born in Tondo Manila. He married Gregoria De Jesus in 1892. He was killed on May 10, 1897 near Mount Buntis , Maragondon, Cavite.
GENERAL EMILIO AGUINALDO ( 199 -1964)
He officially proclaimed the Philippine independence in Malolos, Bulacan on January 23, 1899, with him as the first president. It was the first republic in Asia. Born in Cawit, Cavite on March 22, 1869. Died at the Veterans Memorial Hospital, Quezon City on February 6, 1964.
APOLINARIO MABINI ( 1864-1903)
Sublime paralytic and the brain of the revolution. Born in Talaga, Tanauan Batangas on June 22, 1864. He joined La Liga Filipina in 1892. and Aguinaldos' revolutionary government from June 1898 to May 1899. He was captured by the American forces in December 1899 and deported to Guam in January 1901.He died in Manila on May 13, 1903.

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR ( 1850-1896)
Political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain. Born in Kupang, Bulacan, Bulacan on August 30, 1850. In 1882, he founded the nationalistic newspaper. Diariong Tagalog. In December 1889, he became the editor of the La Solidaridad and became the moving spirit behind the propaganda movement. Died on July 4, 1896.

JUAN LUNA ( 1857-1899)
 A genius of the brush and patriot of the highest order. Creator of the world-famous painting, SPOLARIUM which was awarded the gold medal in the Exposicion  National de Bellas Artes in Madrid in 1884. It also known as the greatest painting of all times. Born in Badoc, Ilocos, Norte, on October 23, 1857. He was closely associated with the Reform movement, together with Riza, Lopez Jaena, Ponce, etc. He died in Hongkong on December 7, 1899.

MELCHORA AQUINO ( 1812-1919)
Better know as Tandang Sora. Born in  Banlat, Caloocan City on January 6, 1812. She helped the Katipuneros under the leadership of Andress Bonifacio by providing them food, shelter and other material goods. She is recognized as the grand woman of the revolution and the Mother of Balintawak. She died on March 12, 1919.

GABRIELA SILANG (1731-1763)
Filipino revolutionary leader best known as the first leader of Filipino movement for independence from Spain. She was the wife of the Ilocano insurgent leader, Diego Silang. Following Diegos' Assassination in 763, she led the group for four months before she was captured and executed. Born in Barangay Caniogan, Santa Ilocos Sur. Silang was a mestiza of Spanish and Ilocano descent. She was adopted by a wealthy businessman who later married her at the age of 20, but left after three years. In 1757, she married again, this time to 27-year old Ilocano insurgent leader, Diego Silang.

LAPU-LAPU (1491-1542)
He was the datu of Mactan, an Island in the Visayas in the Philippines, who is know as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted Spanish Colonization. He is now regarded as the first Filipino Hero. On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu led approximately 1, 500 Mactan warriors armed with barong , spears, kampilan and kalasag in a battle against 49 Christian soldiers led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. In what would later be known as the battle of Mactan. Magellan and several of his men were killed.

FATHER JOSE BURGOS (1837 - 1872)
He was a Filipino Catholic Priest accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen.
Jose Burgos was born in Vigan Ilocos Sur on February 9, 1837 to a Spanish officer, Don Jose Tiburcio Burgos and a Filipino mestiza mother named Florencia Garcia. He obtained three undergraduate degrees with honors two masters' degrees and two doctorate degrees from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and from the University of Santo Tomas. He conducted his first mass in the Intramuros.

FATHER MARIANO GOMEZ (1799 - 1872)
He was a Filipino Catholic priest, part of the Gomburza trio who were falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish Colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen. Gomez was born on August 2, 1799 in the suburb of Sta. Cruz Manila. He was a Tornatras, one born of mixed native (Filipino) Chinese and Spanish ancestries. His parents were Alejandro Francisco Gomez and Martina Custodia. After studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, he took theology in the University of Santo Tomas. He was a student preparing for the priesthood in the seminary in Manila.He was also the uncle of ilustrado nationalist and labor leader Dominador Gomez.

JACINTO ZAMORA (1835-1872)
He was a Filipino secular priest, part of the Gomburza trio who were falsely accused mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was place in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two clergymen. Born on August 14, 1835 to Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del Rosario, he began his early education in Pandacan and later at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He was classified as a Filipino mestizo under the Spanish caste system prevailing at that time. He later transferred to the University of Sto. Tomas after finishing his Bacheller en Artes. Zamora graduated on March 16, 1858 with the degree of Bachelor of Canon and Civil laws. He became a student preparing for the priesthood in the seminary  of Manila.

EMILIO JACINTO (1875-1899)
Brains of the Katipunan. Born in Trozo Manila on December 15, 1875. He joined the Katipunan in 1894 and became Bonifacio's trusted friend and adviser. He wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan, the primer of the Katipunan, which embodied the teaching of organization.He founded and edited the Katipunan newspaper, Kalayaan, whose first issue came out in January 1896. Died on April 16, 1899. He was one of the heroic figures in the Philippine History.

JOSE ABAD SANTOS (1886-1942)
He was the 5th Chief Justice  of the Supreme court of the Philippines. He briefly served as the acting president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and acting Commander in Chief of the arm forces of the Philippines during World War II , on behalf of President Quezon after the government went to exile to the United States, after about two moths, he was executed by the Japanese forces for refusing to cooperate during their occupation of the country.

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